METHODOLOGY
This chapter deals with the research, research design, the setting, sample, sampling technique. It further deals with the development of the tool, procedure for data collection and plan for data analysis.
Research Approach
It involves the description of the plan to investigate the phenomenon under study in a structured ( Quantitative), unstructured ( Qualitative) or a combination of the two methods quantitative and qualitative integrated approach.
Therefore the approach helps to decide about the presence / absence as well as manipulation and control over variables.
In addition, it also helps to identify the presence/ absence of comparison between groups. The approach of research study depends on several factors, but primarily on the nature of phenomenon under study. At this stage of the research study, conceptual frame work may not be in corporates.
An experimental approach was used in the study.
Research Design
Research Design can be defined as a blue print to conduct a research study, which involves the description of research approach, study setting, sampling size, sampling technique, tools. And method of data collection analysis to answer specific research questions / for testing research hypothesis.
Research design used in this study was pre - experimental design. One group pre test and post test design was used to determine the effectiveness of structured teaching programme on knowledge of adolescence Regarding menstrual hygiene.
setting of the study
The setting is the physical local and a condition in which data collection takes place.
The study was conducted in selected Gov. School, Hayathnagar at Hyderabad. The study setting is selected because of availability of samples, facilities of conducting study and Geographical proximity.
Variables
Variables are quantitative properties are characteristics of persons, things / situations that changes.
a) Research Variables
Knowledge and hygienic methods of menstrual hygiene.
b) Demographic variables
The demographic variables are
* Age
* Religion
* Females in family
* Family income
* Source of information for current menstrual hygiene
Population
The population is element (individuals objects) that meet certain criteria for inclusion.
In study students 13 to 16 years of Govt. School at Hayathnagar, Hyderabad were selected as samples and the target population of the study.
sample
A sample is the subject of the population that is selected for a particular study.
The sample consisted of students from selected Govt. School at Hayathnagar, Hyderabad.
Sample Size
The sample size consisted 60 adolescences students of selected Govt. School, Hayathnagar, Hyderabad.
criteria for sample selection
The sampling frame structured by the researcher included the following criteria;
Inclusive Criteria
*Adolescents who are willing to participate, who are present at the time of study.
* Adolescents who can lead and understanding English.
Exclusive Criteria
*Adolescents who are not willing to participate,
* Adolescents who are cannot read and understand English.
sampling technique
In sampling technique sample is selected by random sampling. Adolescents students of selected Govt. School were considered as appropriate samples for present study.
selection and development of tool
Based on the research problem and objectives of the study the following steps were undertaken to select and develop the data collection tool.
Selection of Tool
A structured questionnaire was selected on the basis of the objectives of the study as it was considered to the most appropriate instrument to elicit responses from the participants selected.
Development of Tool
The instrument selected in a research should be the vehicle that would obtain data for drawing conclusions which are presented to the investigator developed a structured questionnaire to assess the knowledge of adolescents regarding the effectiveness of menstrual hygiene in selected Govt. School, Hayathnagar, Hyderabad. With a view to develop self instructional module in the effects of Menstrual Hygiene.
The following steps were carried out for preparing the tool.
* Review of related literature
* Expert’s opinion
* Investigator’s personal experience
Description of the Tool
Who assess the knowledge regarding menstrual hygiene among adolescents 14 to 16 years the structured questionnaire consist of two parts.
Part - A
It consist of items related to demographic data of adolescents.
Part - B
It is divided in to selection I & II
Selection - I
It consist of items related to menstrual hygiene among adolescent girls.
Section -II
It consist of items related to benefits of menstrual hygiene and complications of menstruation, each correct answers was given a score of 1 & wrong answer 0.
Validity of toon
Validity of an instrument is a determination of how well the instruments reflex the abstracts, concepts were requested to give opinion and suggestions regarding the relevance and appropriateness of tool for modification in the tool were done as per suggestion of experts.
Reliability of the tool
The reliability of the measuring instruments is a criterion for assessing the quality and adequacy.
Pilot study
Smaller version of a proposed study conducted to develop and refine the methodology such as treatment data collection process to be used in large study.
Pilot study was conducted at Govt. School, Saroornagar, Hyderabad. The purpose was to find frequency and distribution.
Process of Data Collection
The data collection was done at selected Govt. School, Hayathnagar, Hyderabad. The data was collected on sample were informed the purpose of the study necessary instruction was given to help them to respond to the question confidentiality at the responses were re assured.
Plan for data analysis
The analysis and interpretation of data was planned in two parts.
Part -I
Demographic data of students such as
Age
Religion
No. of Females in Family
Friends
Media
Family income
Sources of information
Part -II
Analysis of total knowledge in terms of frequency and distribution
epilogue
This chapter deals with
research approach
setting population
Sampling Technique
Criteria Selection
Collection of Data
Process of Data Collection
Plan for Data Analysis
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